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Kultur
- Aprikose, Pfirsich, Pflaume, krautige Pflanzen
Schadbild
Scharka an Aprikosenfrüchten
Symptome an Aprikosensteinen
- Blattsymptome sind ähnlich wie bei Pflaumen (helle Ringe und Linien)
- Adernaufhellung, kleine chlorotische Ringe, Flecken und Bänder entlang der Adern
- später Aderchlorosen und Blattdeformationen
- Neuzuwachs im Laufe der Vegetation symptomlos
- Früchte einiger Sorten entwickeln helle und dunkle, gelegentlich auch nekrotische eingesunkene Ringe
- und Linien auf der Fruchtschale, das Fruchtfl eisch darunter ist verfärbt
- auf dem Stein werden deutliche gelbe Ringe sichtbar
- Geschmacksbeeinträchtigung und erhöhte Fäulnisneigung befallener Früchte
- verminderte Wuchsleistung der Bäume
- Gummifluss kann auftreten
Schaderreger
- Scharka Virus (plum pox Virus), mehrere Stämme mit unterschiedlicher Aggressivität
- großräumige Verbreitung erfolgt über verseuchtes Vermehrungsmaterial (infizierte Unterlagen, Reiser bzw. Bäume)
- mechanische Übertragbarkeit durch Pfropfung
- Virusübertragung durch Vektoren: Kleine und Große Pflaumenlaus, Hopfenblattlaus und Grüne Pfirsichblattlaus
Prophylaxe und Bekämpfung
- Rodung befallener Bäume
- Rodung befallener Pflanzen im Umfeld der Anlagen (Schlehen, Pflaumen)
- Neupflanzung in Gesundlagen
- Anbau resistenter bzw. fruchttoleranter Sorten
- Vektorenbekämpfung im Frühjahr bzw. nach Rückwanderung im Herbst
- Zukauf von zertifiziertem Pflanzmaterial/Reisermaterial
- geeignete PSM: keine
Bedeutung
- sehr wichtige Krankheit
- hohes Gefährdungspotenzial
- Quarantänekrankheit, Verdacht ist meldepflichtig
- Ertrags- und Qualitätseinbußen
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